Click for the picture album of the church. ............. .................... ...... Kilise fotoğrafları için resime tıklayın
St. Stephen Bulgarian Church or the (Sveti Stefan Bulgar Kilisesi in Turkish), also known as the Iron Church, is located at the shores of Goldenhorn between Balat and Fener districts in Istanbul The church derives its fame from being built from prefabricated cast iron frames and steel boards attached to the body. The legend goes that when the Ottoman Sultan Abdulmecid granted the Bulgarian minority to split from the Greek Patriarchy and build their own church, he had one condition that the church has to be built in less than 45 days. That was not true of course but the cast iron being manufactured in Vienna and sent to Golden Horn through the Danube River and Black Sea and assembled in Istanbul must have created such a story.
In reality with the nationalistic movements of the nineteenth century the Sultan granted the Bulgarian minority to build their own church instead of praying at the Greek Patriarchy in Fener Istanbul. A Bulgarian statesman named Stefan Bogaridi donated a land strip in Balat, a wooden church was constructed here and It was inaugurated on 9 October 1849. The Ottoman royal decree of 28 February 1870, establishing the Bulgarian Exarchate was first read in the church. When the church suffered from a big fire and became unusable it was decided to build the new one from iron frames because of the weak land conditions. The plans of the Church was designed by the Ottoman Armenian architect Hovsep Aznavur and the cast iron parts weighing more than 500 tons were built in Vienna by the Austrian company R. Ph. Waagner in three years. As in the story, the cast iron parts and boards were sent through the Danube and Black Sea to the Golden Horn in Istanbul. The reality differs here from the fable : instead of the time frame of 45 days allowed by the Sultan it took one and a half years to erect and complete the church. It was inaugurated in 1898 by the Bulgarian Exarch Joseph I.
The church went through a major renovation which started in 2011 and lasted for seven years until it reopened on January of 2018 after costing over 15 million Turkish Liras.The beautiful grey neo- classic and neo- gothic influenced building with the gold colored inside ornaments, matching colors of the golden horn at sunset, is one of the few prefabricated iron frame churches in the world.
Cem Ozmeral
January 16, 2020
Dublin, Ohio
ST. MARY'S CHURCH OF BLACHERNEA -MERYEM ANA KİLİSESİ
ST. MAR'Y CHURCH AND HOLY WATER
Click for the picture album of the church. ............. .................... ...... Kilise fotoğrafları için resime tıklayın
While walking on the streets between Balat and Ayvansaray we came across a little Eastern Orthdox Church named Panayia Vlaherna, also known as the Church of St Mary of Blachernae. The inscription on the brick walls surrounding the iron gate leading to the church yard was also pointing to an ayazma or holy water and to the Turkish name of the church Meryem Ana (Mother Mary). The first church was erected here on the sixth hill of the city outside the Walls of Theodosius by Empress Aelia Pulcheria in 450, near a spring believed to be holy water. The small church was enlarged, added on and restored by several emperores during the Byzantine history and survived several fires. The last one of these fires completely destroyed the complex in 1434 and the area stayed as an empty lot until 1867 when the existing small church was built on the same place.
I had heard the story of this church which has been a pilgrimage place to the Othodox Christians because of the ancient icons and a mantle of Virgin Mary it once housed, brought here from Jerusalem. The mantle is no longer there, but during several conquest attempts of the city during Byzantine era by the Avars, Persians and Arabs, the mantel and icons are believed to have saved the city from siege. During the Avars and Persians combined siege of Constantinople in 626, Constantine, the son of Emperor Heraclius battled and destroyed the fleets of the Avars. The little church outside the Heraclius walls on the sixth hill of the city was the only building not sacked by the invaders and it was believed that was because the Khan of Avars afterwards said that he had been frightened by the vision of a young woman adorned with jewels scouring the walls of the Blachernae church.*
During the invasion of Arab armies in 717 and 860, and the armies of the Bulgarian Tsar Simeon the veil of the Virgin along with some icons were briefly plunged into the waters of the Goldenhorn to invoke the protection of God on the Byzantine fleet. Apparently the mantle helped the Byzantines in winning the battle. Simeon watching his fleet getting destroyed decided to ask for a cease fire and abandoned the siege. Since this happened on a Friday the church decided from that date on to hold the Sunday sermons on Fridays. Indeed when we entered the church grounds with my friend on FridayJanuary 10 th of 2020, there was a sermon being held inside the church. I looked down from the open doors to the church room from the foyer. The church room were the congregation was seated was three or four steps lower than the ground level. I could clearly see the five holy water faucets lıned over a long marble sink and a gold framed picture of Mary and baby Jesus above it. When I tried to take a picture of the fountain from the open door, an official of the church politely asked me not to take pictures of the sermon room. After checking the colorful icons, inscriptions, the golden candle holders in the foyer we walked down through the same gateway we came in, back to the iron door of the complex with the cross. Our next stop was going to be the Kazasker Ivaz Efendi Mosque, built by Master Architect Sinan in 1585 on the same 6 th Hill of Istanbul.
Click on the picture for the photo album. ................................ KIlise fotoğrafları için resime tıklayın
Balat is an old district in Istanbul by the Golden Horn with renovated centuries old wooden houses and brick mansions , hip cafes, antique stores, small restaurants, street vendors and even an area where popular TV series are filmed. .After the conquest of Istanbul Sultan Mehmet II. allowed the Greeks to remain here and practice their religion in the Greek Patriarchate at the nearby Fener district. Later Armenian and Jewish minorities started inhabiting the area. The Balat district also houses the Sveti Stefan Bulgarian Church, Panayia Vlaherna Greek Church of Mary, several synagogues and mosques. The aristocratic people of the area called "Fenerliler" were well educated and spoke several foreign languages. Their main occupations were in trade, shipping, money lending and goldsmith. During the 17th and 18th centuries most of the aristocratic people moved to districts like Arnavutkoy, Sariyer at the shores of Bosphorus and started to build and live in their new wooden mansions called yalis. With the political turmoil in Turkey during the second half of 20th century most of the minorities moved out of the area to make a living somewhere else.
I have visited Balat with my Istanbullite colleague Selcuk Erarslan. We saw the Bulgarian Church and Mary's Church , checked the antique stores , talked to the local people in the area and even tasted some street food called dürüm, thin layer of dough topped wıth choice of cheese, spinach,meat or potatoes. Our other stop in the area was the streets of the fılm plateau Çukur, the popular TV series, which will be my next photo album..
ON STREETS OF ÇUKUR, THE TV SERIES (THE PIT)
ON THE OFTEN USED VERENDA ABOVE THE BARBAR SHOP
Click on the picture for the photo album ................................ Çukur fotoğrafları için resime tıklayın
ON THE STREETS OF ÇUKUR, THE TV SERIES ( THE PIT).
“Family is everything”.......” Çukur is our home, Idris is our Father”
Our next stop was in the area of Balat where the popular TV serıes Çukur is usually filmed. Çukur is on its third year on TV with high ratings but not without controversy and conflicting public opinion. The scene is in a district in Istanbul's slums called Çukur or the pit, controlled by a father figure and his four sons, all sort of Robin Hood type gangsters. They do all kinds of illegal trade including weapon sales to support the low income and unemployed people of the neighborhood of mostly young people. Their red line is drug production and trade, and they are constantly at war with drug barons and traders. People are killed in dozens like Indians in the old cowboy movies, while the Çukur brothers only get severely injured by bullets, but somehow make it back to life from a coma in the intensive care. But sometimes if one of the main character wants to leave the show, he or she will also die in the hands of the bad gangsters. The positive side of the show is that the importance of family is highly stressed; family being the immediate and the big family of all the Çukur people. The parenthesis on the logo represent the borders of Çukur and the dots within are: the individual, the immediate family and the big neighborhood family of Çukur, in that order. Women have an important role in the family and they also help with a lot of charity work and operate the soup kitchen next to the men’s cafe. During the show, the walls of abandoned buildings are shown with ever changing graffiti with social messages about blood donation, awareness about autism, leukemia, a RIP message to a public figure who recently passed away, water preservation, stop violence against women and sometimes a spoiler about what will happen at the end of the episode which always puzzles the TV audience.
When we had stopped to eat a drüm from street vendor ın Balat I asked him for directions to the the movie plateau of Çukur series. He gave us directions for the streets which was very close by, but added to be careful with pickpockets there, mostly young aged kids. We walked to the neighborhood which looked old, poor and worn down. There were lots of vendors selling memorabilia of the TV show, like t-shirts, hats, caps, prayer beets, rings, all with Çukur’s logo or slogans. I bought a winter cap with the three dots and opposing parentheses from an older man with a wide beard who had pictures on display with one of the main characters of the show on his cart. Later on we walked through the streets, checking the surroundings familiar to me from the show and taking a few pictures. A little boy around ten years of age with a black toy machine gun approached us and asked if we wanted to take pictures with him. We politely declined the offer and walked away for our next stop in the neighboring Ayvansaray district : Tekfur Sarayi or with its old Byzantien name: the Palace of Constantine Porphyrogenitus .
Cem Ozmeral
January, 23 2020
Dublın, Ohio
Note : I am adding here an article I wrote about Çukur Series in Turkish back in June of 2018. The Turkish reader will notice although two of the main characters left the show since, the struggle in Çukur has stayed the same.
ÇUKUR VE TÜRKİYE - 2018 HAZİRANINDAN BIR YAZI
Kocovalilar/ soldan Vartolu Saadetin, Idris Baba, Yamac, Sena , Sultan Ana ve Selim
Hizir Cakirbeylinin beraber yasadigi ailesi, Ana saginda, esi ananin saginda
Son on yılda Türkiye’de Televizyon dizileri endüstrisi çok gelişti. O kadar ki tarihi dizilerden tutun macera dizilerine kadar birçoğu dünyanın birçok ülkesinde ilgi ile izleniyor. Muhteşem Yüzyıl Amerika daki cable kanallarında gösteriliyor, Güney Amerika ülkeleri de dizilerimizin en çok sevildiği ülkeler arasında.
Bu dizileri dörde ayırmak mümkün. Tarihi diziler, soap opera denilen romantik içerikli diziler, ağalık ve feodal yapının hakim olduğu bölgeleri konu alan diziler ve şehir eşkiya ve mafyalarını konu alan macera dizileri. Bütün bu diziler bilinç altında Türk insanın düşünce yapısının bir aynası aslında. Bizim burada kısaca inceleyeceğimiz şehir kabadayılarını ve onların etrafındaki insanları konu alan sonuncusu. Şehir de tabi İstanbul. Son yıllardan birkaç örnek vermek gerekirse : İçerde, Eşkiya Dünyaya Hükümdar olmaz ve Çukur. Her üçünde de ortak tema aynı. Bir baba figürü, etrafındaki ailesi ve büyük ailesi etrafında dönen olaylar. İçerde de Kebapçı Celal, Hükümdar’da Hızır Çakırbeyli, Çukur’da İdris Koçovalı. Hepsinin başı kanunla dertte, illegal işler yapıyorlar, silah alıp satıyorlar ama hepsinin ortak sınırı ilaç ve uyuşturucu işine bulaşmamaları. Bu onların namus çizgisi. Hepsinin etrafında büyük aileleri var ve daha da önemlisi onları baba bilen ve onlara biat eden geniş çevrelerinin olması. Bu geniş çevrede Baba’nın ailesi. Adeta onlar birer güneş ve etrafında dönen yüzlerce gezegenler var. İsterseniz bunlardan birini : Çukuru biraz inceleyelim.
Çukur İstanbul’da bir mahalle, hatta koca bir semt, zannederim Haliç kıyılarında Balat civarında eski harap evlerin olduğu, nüfusunun çoğunu işsiz güçsüz gençlerin oluşturduğu, duvarların grafitilerle bezenmiş olduğu, Türkçe rap müziğin arabesk türkülerle karıştığı bir yer işte. Grafitilerin çoğunda da “ Çukur Evimiz, İlyas Babamız” yazıyor. İlyas Koçovalı aslında 55 yaşında ama filmde 60 nın üstünde gösteriyor. Pos bıyıklı, kafası kazılı, elbise yelek, elinde küçük tesbih, bir ağır Baba. Sokakta ağır adımlarla ve manalı bakışlarla yürüyor, onu gören küçük çocuklar ve garibanlar yaklaşıp elini öpüyor. İlyas Baba Dostlar kıraathanesine girince içerdeki herkes ayağa kalkıyor, o da onlara elini kalbine götürerek selam verip “oturun” diyor. Baba her zamanki yerine oturuyor ve kahvesini getiriyorlar. Birazdan oğullarından biri kahveye giriyor, babasına bir şeyler söylüyor ve kahvedekilere şöyle bir bakarak ağzını açmadan çenesini havaya kaldırarak işaret veriyor. Kahvedeki herkes dışarı çıkarak baba oğlu yalnız bırakıyorlar.
Baba ile oğul şimdi iş konuşuyorlar. Konuştukları kişi silah satışlarına engel olan ve Çukuru eline geçirmek isteyen birisi olabilir. Bu kişi bazen İdris babanın gayri meşru olan ve sonradan ortaya çıkan oğlu Vartolu Saadettin de olabiliyor. İdris Babanın eşi gençlik yıllarında kocasının bu oğlunu, onun bile haberi olmadan Varto’ya yollamış. Çocuk orada büyümüş, hep illegal işler bulaşmış, hapse girmiş çıkmış, şimdi de kendisini aramayan babasından intikam alıp Çukuru ele geçirmeye çalışacaktır. Çukura uyuşturucu ve ilaç üretimini ve ticaretini sokacaktır. Vartolu, Çukurun düzeninde illegali temsil eder.
Babaya kötü bir haber geldiği zaman bütün Çukur’un bir anda haberi olur, genç delikanlılar damdan dama atlayıp ellerindeki meşalller ile bütün semte haber salarlar. Bu kötü haber Polisin gelmesi ile de olabilir, dış güçlerin de. Baba önde oğulları yanlarında sokağa çıkar ağır adımlarla yürümeye başlarlar, arkalarındaki kalabalık sokaklarda yürüdükçe büyür bir ordu gibi olur. Aslında İçerde de aynı durum söz konusudur. Baba önde garibanlar arkada sokaklarda yürürler.
Bu dizilerin birde kadınları vardır. Büyük anne namazında niyazında dır ve Baba bile onun sözünden dışarı çıkmaz. Hükümdarda Karadenizli babaanne öyle dir. Sonra Çukur da İdris Babanın eşi Sultan vardır. Sultan babayı bile idare eder. O Çukur’un Sultan annesi dir. Çukurun bütün ev kadınlarının Anasıdır. Çukurun bütün insanları fakirdir, kıraathanenin hemen yanında bir aş evi vardır. Bu aş evini idaresi Sultan Ana’ya aittir. Ama evde gelinlerine torunlarına göz açtırmaz . Erkeklerin hakim olduğu düzenin evdeki bekçisidir. Kocasının başka kadınlarla olan ilişkisini bile gizlemiştir. Hükümdar’ın Meryemi çoğu kez kocasının aldatmalarına ne kadar kızsa da boyun eğmek zorunda kalmıştır.
Bütün bu dizilerdeki insanlar neden Baba’ya biat ederler ? Onun için hayatlarını bile vermeye , ailelerinin hayatını tehlikeye sokmaktan çekinmezler. Hepsi dar gelirli, babanın hakim olduğu işlerde çalışır ve çok az para yaparlar. Polis den çok Baba’nın korumasına güvenirler. Zaten Baba polis den de saygı ve ayrıcalıklı muamele görür. İdris Baba mazlumlara sırdaş, gariplere yoldaştır.
Hükümdar da ufak tefek bir adam vardır: kimsesizlerin babası Kimsesiz Yaşar. Kimsesiz Yaşar hani İstanbul sokaklarında ellerindeki çuval arabalarla gördüğünüz geri dönüşümcülerin( recyclers) babasıdır. Bütün geri dönüşümcüler ve kimsesizler onun adamıdır. Bu kimsesizler Yaşar’ın gözü kulağıdır. Adeta bir haber alma ve istihbarat servisi gibi çalışırlar, çöplerde buldukları ipuçları ile hangi evde ne oluyor, kim kime komplo kuruyor öğrenirler ve babalarına haber verirler.
Şimdi bir düşünelim. Türk insanının belki yarısının şuur altında olan, bir Baba’ya kayıtsız şartsız biat etme duygusu nereden gelmektedir. Bu salt mantıkla izah edilebilir mi? Bizim burada yaptığımız sadece bir tespittir. Bunun izahını ancak sosyologlar, psikologlar ve tarihçiler bir sentez hazırlayarak yapabilir. Çukur’u nereye benzetirsiniz?. İdris Baba, Vartolu Saadettin, Kimsesiz Yaşar, Çukur’un insanı kime benzer ? Bu soruları kendinize sorabilirsiniz. Cevaplarını kendi kendinize verebilirsiniz. Ama herşeyi cahillikle, okumuşlukla, dincilikle, ilericilikle izah edip basite indirgemek mümkün mü ?
Cem Özmeral
27 Haziran 2018
Dublin, Ohio
Icerde'nin Kebapci Celali mahalleli ile yuruyor
Cakirbeyliler yuruyor
Kimsesiz Yasar kimsesiz bir geridonusumcu ile sokaklari teftiste